Prostate cancer, as the name suggests, is the cancer that originates in the tissues and cells of the prostate which is a walnut-sized gland found in males. The prostate is located between the bladder and the penis and is responsible for secreting fluids for nourishing and protecting the sperm. Prostate cancer is marked by the abnormal growth and multiplication of unhealthy cells in the gland which eventually replace all the healthy cells. Initially, the cancer is confined to the gland only and it progresses very slowly. If detected in the initial stages, there are significantly higher chances of successful treatment.
As discussed earlier, prostate cancer progresses very slowly and as such, the patient does not experience any major symptoms during the initial stages. However, as the problem advances, the patient is likely to experience the following symptoms:
A number of tests and screenings are performed to detect whether a person has prostate cancer. These include:
If the results of your PSA and DRE screenings are not normal, your doctor may recommend further tests:
Prostate cancer is classified into 4 stages. These are as under:
Stage I – The earliest stage of cancer in which it progresses very slowly. The tumour is so small that it cannot be felt and involves one-half side of the gland or even less than that. PSA levels are very low and malignant cells are well differentiated.
Stage II – The tumour is still confined to the prostate. PSA levels range from low to medium. Although the tumour is small, it has slightly elevated risks of metastasizing.
Stage III – The cancer is high-grade and has advanced locally. The tumour continues to grow at a considerably fast pace and PSA levels are also elevated.
Stage IV – The cancer has metastasized to the regional & distant lymph nodes and other parts of the body.
Some cancers are slow-growing and do not require any treatment at all whereas others require immediate treatment which is based on the following factors:
The various treatment options available include:
Although you cannot completely negate the risks of prostate cancer, you can surely alleviate these by following a healthy lifestyle:
Go for regular health check-ups, especially if you have a family history of the problem
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